Terms of Use

Effective date and last update: 22 September 2026.

Languages: the English version of these Terms is the governing version. German, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese and Russian translations are provided for users’ convenience. In the event of discrepancies between language versions, the English version shall prevail to the extent permitted by mandatory law.

 

1. General provisions

1.1. These Terms of Use govern access to EuropeanOutlets.eu and the use of the functions and services provided on the website, including the European outlet catalogue, country, region, city and retail-property pages, information about stores and brands, search and navigation, informational materials, application forms, corrections and additions to information, free and paid listings, advertising services, statistics, payments and other available functions.

1.2. The operator of EuropeanOutlets.eu and provider of services offered through the website is MEDIA IEU, SIA, registration number 40203268669, registered address: Andreja Pormaļa iela 15, Jēkabpils, LV-5201, Latvia.

1.3. These Terms constitute a legally binding agreement between MEDIA IEU, SIA and the person using EuropeanOutlets.eu or its services, insofar as the provisions of these Terms apply to the relevant type of use.

1.4. Merely visiting public pages of the website does not require a separate written contract. Submitting an application, providing materials, ordering a paid listing, ordering advertising, receiving a paid service or making a payment constitutes acceptance of the provisions of these Terms applicable to the relevant service.

1.5. A person acting on behalf of an outlet, shopping centre, store, brand, company, advertiser or other organisation confirms that they have the necessary authority to act on behalf of that person or organisation.

1.6. A person who does not agree to these Terms must not use functions that require acceptance of these Terms, submit an application for a paid service, upload materials or interfere with operation of the website.

 

2. Definitions

2.1. “EuropeanOutlets” or the “Website” means EuropeanOutlets.eu, its software, catalogue, country, region, city and retail-property pages, search functions, forms, advertising system, statistical systems and related functions.

2.2. “User” means any natural or legal person visiting or using EuropeanOutlets.

2.3. “Property” means an outlet, outlet village, factory outlet, designer outlet, shopping centre, retail complex or other property relevant to the subject matter of EuropeanOutlets.

2.4. “Store” means an individual shop or retail point whose information may be displayed on a Property page or elsewhere on the Website.

2.5. “Brand” means a trademark, trade name, manufacturer or brand represented in the catalogue or associated with a specific Property or Store.

2.6. “Applicant” means a person submitting an application to add, change, verify, expand or commercially place information.

2.7. “Client” means an Applicant receiving a paid service and having fulfilled the necessary order conditions, including payment where applicable.

2.8. “Representative” means a person acting on behalf of a Property, Store, Brand, company or other organisation.

2.9. “User Materials” means text, names, descriptions, links, addresses, logos, photographs, images, contact information, store lists, Brand information and other information provided by a User, Applicant, Client or Advertiser.

2.10. “Free Listing” means publication of information without charge and without a guarantee of a specific duration, position, number of views or other result.

2.11. “Paid Listing” means a EuropeanOutlets service provided for a specified period, volume or other conditions shown to the Client before payment.

2.12. “Advertiser” means a natural or legal person ordering advertising on EuropeanOutlets.

2.13. “Advertising Campaign” means agreed placement of Advertising Materials in one or more advertising positions in accordance with the selected package, number of impressions, budget or other order conditions.

2.14. “Advertising Material” means an advertising image, banner, text, Advertiser name, logo, destination link and other information provided for an Advertising Campaign.

2.15. “Advertising Impression” means successful loading of Advertising Material in the designated advertising position on EuropeanOutlets.

2.16. “Advertising Click” means a click recorded by EuropeanOutlets on Advertising Material that directs the User to a resource specified by the Advertiser.

2.17. “Client Statistics” means information supplied to the Client about the results of a specific service where such functionality is provided for that service.

2.18. “External Resource” means a website, online store, booking system, transport service, Property, Store or Brand website, or another resource not operated by MEDIA IEU, SIA.

 

3. EuropeanOutlets services

3.1. EuropeanOutlets may allow Users to browse the catalogue of Properties in European countries, open country, region, city and Property pages, view Store and Brand lists, use search, follow external sources, submit corrections and applications, order paid listings and advertising and use other published functions.

3.2. MEDIA IEU, SIA may change, supplement, restrict, combine, restructure or discontinue individual free functions of EuropeanOutlets.

3.3. Changes to free functions must not breach the material conditions of a service already paid for.

3.4. Specific conditions of a paid service, including price, term, number of impressions, advertising-position size and technical requirements, may be stated directly in the order or payment form. Information shown to the Client before payment forms part of the relevant contract.

 

4. EuropeanOutlets catalogue

4.1. The EuropeanOutlets catalogue is intended to systematise information about Properties, Stores and Brands in European countries.

4.2. MEDIA IEU, SIA independently determines the catalogue structure, categories, countries, regions, cities, order of presentation and technical format of pages.

4.3. A Property may be added to the catalogue by MEDIA IEU, SIA on the basis of publicly available information without a prior application or agreement with the Property owner.

4.4. Inclusion of a Property, Store or Brand in the catalogue does not indicate a partnership, agency, representation or other commercial relationship unless expressly stated.

4.5. MEDIA IEU, SIA may merge duplicate entries, correct obvious technical errors, change categories and entry structure and remove information that no longer fits the catalogue structure.

 

5. Countries, regions and cities

5.1. EuropeanOutlets may group Properties by countries, regions, cities and other geographical units.

5.2. Geographic classification is primarily intended for navigation and search and is not an official administrative or statistical reference.

5.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may change the internal geographical structure of the catalogue to provide more convenient search and navigation.

5.4. Absence of a Property from a specific category does not mean that the Property does not exist or fails to meet any legal or commercial requirement.

 

6. Property pages

6.1. A Property page may contain its name, address, location, description, opening hours, official website, images, list of Stores and Brands, transport information and other details.

6.2. The information displayed may differ between Properties depending on source availability and development of EuropeanOutlets.

6.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA is not required to display the same set of data for every Property.

6.4. A free Property page does not give the Property owner an exclusive right to determine the design, structure or placement of that page.

 

7. Stores and Brands

7.1. EuropeanOutlets may display Stores and Brands represented at a specific Property.

7.2. Store and Brand lists may be based on official Property data, information from the relevant Brand, publicly available sources or information provided by a Representative.

7.3. Presence of a Brand on a Property page does not guarantee that the relevant Store is operating at the time of the User’s actual visit.

7.4. EuropeanOutlets does not guarantee availability of a particular product, collection, size, discount or price level.

7.5. EuropeanOutlets is not the seller of products offered by Stores or Brands unless expressly stated otherwise on the relevant page.

 

8. Search, filters and navigation

8.1. EuropeanOutlets may provide search by country, city, Property, Store, Brand and other catalogue data.

8.2. Search results are generated by EuropeanOutlets technical systems and do not constitute a recommendation, quality ranking or endorsement of the commercial attractiveness of a specific Property.

8.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA does not guarantee complete indexing of all existing European Properties or all information published on the internet.

8.4. The order of search results may change as Website algorithms develop.

 

9. Data sources

9.1. EuropeanOutlets may obtain information from official websites of Properties, shopping-centre operators, Stores, Brands, transport companies, tourism organisations, public registers and other lawfully accessible sources.

9.2. Information may also be provided by Property owners, management companies, Stores, Brands and their Representatives.

9.3. EuropeanOutlets may technically process publicly available data to build the catalogue structure.

9.4. Use of publicly available data does not constitute appropriation of rights in original third-party materials.

9.5. Where several sources are available, MEDIA IEU, SIA may use the source it considers most current, direct and appropriate for the relevant information.

 

10. Accuracy and correction of information

10.1. MEDIA IEU, SIA takes reasonable measures to keep information current but does not guarantee continuous accuracy of every individual catalogue element.

10.2. Opening hours, Store composition, represented Brands, transport routes, prices, promotions and other information may change independently of EuropeanOutlets.

10.3. A Property, Store or Brand owner or authorised Representative may submit corrections or updated information.

10.4. MEDIA IEU, SIA may verify information received before publication.

10.5. Submission of a correction does not create an obligation to publish the information in the exact wording proposed by the Applicant.

 

11. Maps, routes and transport information

11.1. EuropeanOutlets may display Property locations, road information, public transport information, distances and possible routes.

11.2. Such information is provided for trip planning and may depend on third-party data providers.

11.3. EuropeanOutlets is not a carrier and does not guarantee operation of any particular bus, rail, air or other transport route.

11.4. Travel times, schedules, ticket prices and transport restrictions should be checked with the relevant carrier or official source.

 

12. Free listings

12.1. MEDIA IEU, SIA may include Properties, Stores and Brands in the catalogue free of charge.

12.2. A Free Listing does not confer a right to a specific position in the catalogue or search results.

12.3. A Free Listing does not guarantee any specific number of views, clicks or customers.

12.4. MEDIA IEU, SIA may change, temporarily hide or remove a Free Listing without an obligation to retain it indefinitely.

 

13. Paid listings

13.1. EuropeanOutlets may provide paid presentation formats for Properties, Stores, Brands and related companies.

13.2. The specific content of a Paid Listing, its term, price and technical capabilities are stated before payment.

13.3. Payment entitles the Client only to the scope of service stated before the payment was made.

13.4. A Paid Listing does not guarantee sales, traffic, bookings, customers, clicks or another commercial result unless such guarantee is expressly included in the conditions of the specific service.

13.5. Purchase of a paid service does not give the Client the right to control free materials, the independent catalogue structure or information about other organisations.

 

14. Enhanced and priority placements

14.1. Where EuropeanOutlets offers highlighted, priority or other enhanced commercial placement, its specific visual and technical characteristics are stated before payment.

14.2. Such placement may affect appearance, position or additional visibility of a specific listing within the relevant service.

14.3. Paid highlighting does not by itself constitute an assessment of the quality of a Property, Store or Brand by MEDIA IEU, SIA.

14.4. MEDIA IEU, SIA may change the technical method of display provided that the material scope of an already paid service is preserved.

 

15. Requirements for Applicants and Representatives

15.1. An Applicant must provide accurate information.

15.2. A Representative of an organisation confirms that they are authorised to act on its behalf.

15.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may request evidence of company registration, Representative authority, rights to use a domain, logo, trademark or other information.

15.4. Failure to provide sufficient evidence may be grounds for refusing a paid service or publication of submitted materials.

15.5. Verification of authority does not mean that MEDIA IEU, SIA guarantees the legal status or good faith of the relevant organisation to third parties.

 

16. Review and approval of applications

16.1. Submission of an application does not mean automatic approval.

16.2. MEDIA IEU, SIA may verify the submitted data and request additional information.

16.3. An application may be rejected if it contains inaccurate data, breaches law, third-party rights, these Terms or does not correspond to the subject matter of EuropeanOutlets.

16.4. Where an application involves payment, a payment link or invoice may be provided after approval.

 

17. Conclusion of a paid-service contract

17.1. A paid contract is concluded on the basis of an approved application and the service conditions shown to the Client before payment.

17.2. Where an invoice, payment link or other payment method is provided, making the relevant payment constitutes confirmation of the order.

17.3. Before payment is received, MEDIA IEU, SIA is not required to begin providing the paid service unless expressly agreed otherwise beforehand.

17.4. The order conditions, confirmation, invoice and information shown to the Client before payment apply together with these Terms.

 

18. Advertising services

18.1. EuropeanOutlets may provide Advertisers with advertising positions on Website pages.

18.2. Depending on the current Website structure, positions such as Top, Middle, Footer and other advertising formats may be used.

18.3. The specific advertising position, size, price, number of impressions, campaign period and other parameters are stated before payment.

18.4. MEDIA IEU, SIA may change the range of advertising formats available for new orders.

18.5. Advertising services are non-exclusive unless exclusivity is expressly agreed separately.

 

19. Advertising packages and positions

19.1. Advertising may be sold on a CPM basis, by fixed number of impressions, impression package, placement term or another model expressly stated before payment.

19.2. Where an impression package applies, the paid campaign volume is determined by the number of impressions included in the purchased package.

19.3. Where the CPM model applies, the price is calculated on the basis of the number of Advertising Impressions and the price established for the relevant position.

19.4. Top, Middle and Footer positions may have different prices and technical parameters.

19.5. Availability of a specific position depends on page structure, the User’s device and the current Website configuration.

19.6. The mobile version of Advertising Material or its display may technically differ from the desktop version while preserving the general nature of the paid format.

 

20. Requirements for Advertising Materials

20.1. The Advertiser is responsible for the content, legality and accuracy of submitted Advertising Materials.

20.2. The Advertiser confirms that it has the necessary rights to images, logos, texts, trademarks and other submitted materials.

20.3. Advertising Material must not contain unlawful, knowingly false or misleading information.

20.4. The destination link must lead to a functioning and safe resource.

20.5. MEDIA IEU, SIA may set technical requirements for the size, format, file size and other characteristics of Advertising Material.

20.6. Material that does not meet technical requirements may be returned for correction.

 

21. Advertising review and moderation

21.1. Submission of Advertising Material does not mean automatic publication.

21.2. MEDIA IEU, SIA may review advertising before publication.

21.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may reject advertising that breaches law, third-party rights, these Terms or technical requirements.

21.4. Where necessary, MEDIA IEU, SIA may request registration documents, a licence, proof of authority or other documents necessary to verify the advertised activity.

21.5. Approval of advertising by MEDIA IEU, SIA does not release the Advertiser from responsibility for its content.

 

22. Advertising impressions, clicks and statistics

22.1. An Advertising Impression is recorded by the EuropeanOutlets technical system when Advertising Material is successfully loaded in the relevant advertising position.

22.2. An Advertising Click is recorded when a User’s click on Advertising Material is registered.

22.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may exclude bots, automated requests, technical requests, artificial impressions, artificial clicks and other invalid traffic from statistics.

22.4. Where an advertising service is purchased by number of impressions, the campaign continues until the paid volume is used in accordance with the order conditions.

22.5. The number of clicks is not guaranteed unless expressly provided by the purchased service.

22.6. Payment for advertising does not guarantee sales, customers, visits to a Property, orders or another commercial result.

 

23. Client Statistics

23.1. For certain paid services EuropeanOutlets may provide statistical information to the Client.

23.2. The scope of statistics depends on the relevant service and the Website’s technical capabilities.

23.3. Statistics may include impressions, clicks, campaign period, used volume and other indicators.

23.4. MEDIA IEU, SIA may use technical mechanisms to protect statistics against artificial activity and invalid traffic.

23.5. Internal raw server logs, technical security logs and information about other Clients are not provided.

 

24. Prices, payments and invoices

24.1. The current price of a paid service is shown to the Client before payment.

24.2. The price may depend on service type, advertising position, number of impressions, placement term, selected package and other parameters.

24.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may change prices for future orders.

24.4. A price change does not alter the conditions of a service already paid for.

24.5. Payment may be made using methods available in the relevant payment form or stated on an invoice.

24.6. Where an invoice is issued, the Client must use the payment details and information stated in it.

24.7. Taxes and applicable VAT are determined in accordance with law and the status of the relevant transaction.

24.8. Invoices and other payment documents may be provided electronically.

 

25. Cancellation, termination and refunds

25.1. The possibility of cancelling a paid service depends on the type of service, the stage of performance and the Client’s mandatory rights under applicable law.

25.2. If the service has not yet begun, cancellation is considered in accordance with the conditions of the specific order and applicable law.

25.3. If an Advertising Campaign or another placement has already begun, the portion actually provided may be taken into account when determining any refund.

25.4. If MEDIA IEU, SIA cannot provide a paid service for a reason attributable to MEDIA IEU, SIA, the Client receives an appropriate remedy concerning the unprovided portion in accordance with applicable law.

25.5. Funds are not refunded solely because advertising or a Paid Listing failed to produce the number of customers, sales or other commercial result expected by the Client.

25.6. This section does not limit mandatory consumer rights.

 

26. Promotional codes and special offers

26.1. EuropeanOutlets may use promotional codes, discounts and special offers.

26.2. Each offer may have an expiry date, usage limit, applicable services and other restrictions.

26.3. A promotional code has no independent cash value and cannot be exchanged for money.

26.4. MEDIA IEU, SIA may cancel use of a promotional code in cases of fraud, automated use or other obvious abuse.

 

27. User and Client Materials

27.1. By providing User Materials, a person confirms that they have the right to provide them to EuropeanOutlets and authorise their use for the relevant purpose.

27.2. Materials must be lawful, accurate and must not infringe third-party rights.

27.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may technically adapt materials for publication, including image resizing, text formatting, creation of thumbnails and adaptation to different devices.

27.4. MEDIA IEU, SIA may correct obvious technical errors without changing the material meaning.

27.5. Submission of materials does not require MEDIA IEU, SIA to store them indefinitely.

 

28. Names, logos, photographs and trademarks

28.1. Names of Properties, Stores, companies and Brands, their trademarks and logos belong to their respective rights holders.

28.2. Use of a relevant name or designation on EuropeanOutlets is primarily intended to identify a Property, Store, Brand or source of information.

28.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA does not claim ownership of third-party trademarks merely because they are displayed on EuropeanOutlets.

28.4. Photographs and other protected materials may be used only where an appropriate lawful basis exists.

28.5. A rights holder may submit a substantiated notice concerning material it considers to infringe its rights.

 

29. Affiliate and commercial links

29.1. EuropeanOutlets may contain affiliate and other commercial links.

29.2. MEDIA IEU, SIA may receive remuneration when a User follows such a link, makes a purchase, booking or other action on an External Resource.

29.3. Presence of an affiliate link does not mean that MEDIA IEU, SIA is the seller of the relevant product or supplier of the relevant service.

29.4. Unless expressly stated otherwise, the contract for a product or service is concluded between the User and the relevant third party.

 

30. Complaints, notices and moderation

30.1. A User, Representative or rights holder may report an error, unlawful material, infringement of rights or another issue.

30.2. A notice must contain sufficient information to identify the relevant page, material or service.

30.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may request documents or additional information necessary to review the notice.

30.4. MEDIA IEU, SIA may temporarily hide material while it is being reviewed.

30.5. Submission of a complaint does not by itself mean automatic removal of a page, Property, Brand or other material.

 

31. Prohibited content and prohibited use

31.1. EuropeanOutlets must not be used for unlawful activity.

31.2. Users must not provide knowingly false information or impersonate another person or organisation.

31.3. Users must not infringe intellectual-property rights or other third-party rights.

31.4. Users must not distribute malicious code or attempt to disrupt operation of the Website.

31.5. Users must not obtain unauthorised access to administrative systems, internal data or accounts.

31.6. Users must not artificially increase advertising impressions, clicks, views or other statistics using robots, scripts, automatic reloads, click farms or other means.

31.7. Large-scale automated extraction of data aimed at creating a copy or substantial part of the EuropeanOutlets database is prohibited without permission from MEDIA IEU, SIA.

 

32. Suspension and removal

32.1. MEDIA IEU, SIA may reject, temporarily hide, suspend or remove material or a service where these Terms, law or third-party rights are breached.

32.2. A Paid Listing may be suspended if a material breach by the Client is discovered after it begins.

32.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may take necessary urgent measures without prior notice where material creates an immediate legal, technical or information-security risk.

32.4. Any unused part of a paid service in such a case is determined under these Terms, the relevant order conditions and applicable law.

 

33. EuropeanOutlets intellectual property

33.1. Rights in the original EuropeanOutlets structure, software, design, texts created by MEDIA IEU, SIA, databases and other original elements belong to MEDIA IEU, SIA or are lawfully used by it.

33.2. Reproduction or commercial use of a substantial part of the EuropeanOutlets database without appropriate permission is prohibited.

33.3. Ordinary use of public pages by a User does not breach this section.

33.4. Rights in third-party materials remain with the respective rights holders.

 

34. External websites and services

34.1. EuropeanOutlets may contain links to websites of Properties, Stores, Brands, hotels, transport companies, tourism services and other third parties.

34.2. MEDIA IEU, SIA does not operate such External Resources.

34.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA is not responsible for content, availability, security, prices, personal-data processing, sales or actions of owners of External Resources.

34.4. After a User follows an External Resource, the terms and policies of the relevant third party apply.

 

35. Availability of EuropeanOutlets and technical work

35.1. MEDIA IEU, SIA takes reasonable measures to maintain EuropeanOutlets but does not guarantee uninterrupted and error-free availability of all functions.

35.2. Individual functions may be temporarily unavailable due to maintenance, updates, errors, hosting operation, network infrastructure or other technical circumstances.

35.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may carry out technical work and updates without prior notice where necessary for Website security or stability.

35.4. Free functions may be changed or discontinued.

 

36. Limitation of liability

36.1. MEDIA IEU, SIA is responsible for its own obligations to the extent provided by applicable law.

36.2. EuropeanOutlets does not guarantee absolute accuracy and continuous currency of information received from independent third-party sources.

36.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA is not responsible for goods, services, assortment, service quality, prices, discounts or actions of independent Properties, Stores or Brands.

36.4. MEDIA IEU, SIA is not a party to a contract between a User and an independent Store, Brand, transport company, hotel or other third party unless expressly stated otherwise.

36.5. MEDIA IEU, SIA is not responsible for consequences of using an External Resource.

36.6. MEDIA IEU, SIA does not guarantee a specific economic result from a Paid Listing or advertising unless such guarantee was expressly included in the conditions of the specific service.

36.7. Nothing in these Terms excludes or limits liability that cannot be excluded or limited under mandatory law.

 

37. Personal data and cookies

37.1. Personal data is processed in accordance with applicable law and the current EuropeanOutlets Privacy Policy.

37.2. Cookies and similar technologies are used in accordance with the current Cookie Policy and the User’s consent settings where such consent is required.

37.3. Applicant, Client and Advertiser data may be used to process applications, communicate, issue invoices, process payments, provide services, maintain statistics and comply with legal obligations.

37.4. Provision of a commercial service does not give the Client access to personal data of other Users unless such access is expressly provided by law and the specific function.

 

38. Notices and electronic communication

38.1. Communication with Users, Applicants, Clients and Advertisers may take place by email, telephone, Website forms, messaging applications and other stated means.

38.2. The Client must provide valid contact details.

38.3. An electronic order confirmation, invoice, payment link, statistical report or other message may form part of the relationship between the parties.

38.4. A message is considered related to a specific service if the relevant service can be identified from its content, order number, campaign code or other data.

 

39. Changes to the Terms, applicable law, disputes and language versions

39.1. MEDIA IEU, SIA may amend these Terms in connection with changes in law, EuropeanOutlets functions, commercial services, technical solutions or Website operating procedures.

39.2. A new version applies from the date stated in it.

39.3. A paid-service contract already concluded remains subject to the version of the Terms in force when that contract was concluded unless mandatory law or a separate agreement between the parties provides otherwise.

39.4. The activities of MEDIA IEU, SIA are governed by the law of the Republic of Latvia and directly applicable European Union law, taking into account the rules of private international law.

39.5. Where the Client is a consumer, the choice of applicable law does not deprive the Client of mandatory protection granted by the law of the country of their habitual residence where such protection applies to the relevant relationship.

39.6. The parties seek first to resolve a dispute by direct review of the complaint and exchange of necessary information.

39.7. If the dispute is not resolved, it is considered by the competent court in accordance with applicable jurisdiction rules.

39.8. Mandatory consumer rights to bring proceedings before a court or other competent authority are not limited by these Terms.

39.9. The English version of these Terms is the governing version. Translations into other languages are provided for Users’ convenience.

39.10. Where mandatory law requires a different interpretation of a particular language version or grants the User additional rights, the relevant mandatory law prevails.

 

40. Final provisions and operator details

40.1. If any provision of these Terms is found invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions continue in force to the maximum extent permitted by law.

40.2. Failure by MEDIA IEU, SIA to exercise any right in a particular case does not constitute a waiver of that right.

40.3. MEDIA IEU, SIA may engage technical, hosting, payment, email, analytics and other service providers to support operation of EuropeanOutlets.

40.4. These Terms, the relevant application data, description of the selected service, Advertising Campaign parameters, information shown before payment, order confirmation and payment documents together form the conditions of the relevant paid transaction.

40.5. Operator of EuropeanOutlets.eu: MEDIA IEU, SIA, registration number 40203268669, registered address: Andreja Pormaļa iela 15, Jēkabpils, LV-5201, Latvia.

40.6. Current contact details of MEDIA IEU, SIA are published on the EuropeanOutlets.eu contact page.

40.7. A legal notice, complaint or request concerning specific material, an order or an Advertising Campaign must contain sufficient information to identify the applicant and the relevant subject of the request.